MRCOG Part 1 – Anatomy

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Question 1 of 52

1. Question

A 33 year old woman attends for her routine smear test examination. On bimanual examination the uterus is identified to be on a retroverted position. Which ligament supports the cervix to its anatomical position?

Broad ligament
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Cardinal ligament
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Infundibulopelvic (IP) ligament
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Ovarian ligament
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Round ligament
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Correct

Incorrect

Question 2 of 52

2. Question

The sympathetic and parasympathetic system under the strong effect of hormones is responsible for the blood flow and contractions of a pregnant woman in labour. Where is the parasympathetic innervation of the uterus derived from?

L1-L2
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

L1-L4
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

L3-L4
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

S2-S4
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

T12 -L1
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Correct

Incorrect

Question 3 of 52

3. Question

During an operation for ovarian cancer, lymphadenectomy was performed as part of complete debulking. Which lymph nodes do the ovaries drain to?

Common iliac lymph nodes
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

External iliac lymph nodes
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Inguinal lymph nodes
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Internal iliac lymph nodes
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Para-aortic lymph nodes
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Correct

Incorrect

Question 4 of 52

4. Question

A pregnant woman at second stage of labour needs an episiotomy in order to expedite delivery. Which muscles are being cut at an episiotomy?

External anal sphincter
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Internal anal sphincter
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Levator ani
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Pubococcygeus muscle
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Transverse perineal and bulbocavernosous
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Correct

Incorrect

Question 5 of 52

5. Question

During a hysterectomy the uterine arteries are ligated. Which artery is the uterine artery a branch of?

External iliac artery
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Internal iliac artery
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Common iliac artery
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Pudendal artery
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Umbilical artery
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Correct

Incorrect

Question 6 of 52

6. Question

The obstetric registrar examines a pregnant woman in labour and declares that the station of the head is “at spines”. Which ligament is attached at the ischial spines?

Broad ligament
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Cardinal ligament
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Infundibulopelvic (IP) ligament
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Sacrospinous ligament
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Uterosacral ligament
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Correct

Incorrect

Question 7 of 52

7. Question

One of the complications of a hysterectomy is ureteric injury. After the ureters enter the pelvis at the level of the sacroiliac joints, how does their anatomical course continue?

Anteriorly to the ovary and above the uterine artery
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Anteriorly to the ovary and under the uterine artery
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Anteriorly to the ovary and the uterus
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Posteriorly to the ovary and above the uterine artery
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Posteriorly to the ovary and under the uterine artery
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Correct

Incorrect

Question 8 of 52

8. Question

Women in pregnancy may develop pelvic girdle pain. Which of the following are the joints of the pelvis?

Sacrococcygeal joint
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Sacroiliac joints
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Sacroiliac joints and symphysis pubis
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Sacroiliac joints, sacrococcygeal joint and symphysis pubis
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Symphysis pubis
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Correct

Incorrect

Question 9 of 52

9. Question

A common complaint of women after menopause is pelvic organ prolapse. Which of the following muscles supports the pelvic organs and is associated with pelvic floor disorders?

Gluteus maximus
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Iliopsoas
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Levator ani
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Rectus abdominis
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Transversus abdominis
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Correct

Incorrect

Question 10 of 52

10. Question

During an instrumental delivery, the obstetric registrar performs a pudendal block. Which of the following structures are innervated by the pudendal nerve?

Cervix
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Clitoris
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Fallopian tubes
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Ovaries
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Uterus
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Correct

Incorrect

Question 11 of 52

11. Question

Which of the following does not form part of levator ani?

Iliococcygeus
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Ischiocavernosus
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Pubococcygeus
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Puborectalis
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Pubovaginalis
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Correct

Incorrect

Question 12 of 52

12. Question

Which muscle forms a sling around the rectum and is responsible for maintaining the anorectal angle, contributing to faecal continence?

Bulbospongiosus
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Coccygeus
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Iliococcygeus
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Pubococcygeus
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Puborectalis
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Correct

Incorrect

Question 13 of 52

13. Question

What is the innervation of the levator ani muscles?

Femoral nerve
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Inferior rectal nerve
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Obturator nerve
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Sacral nerves (S2-S4)
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Sciatic nerve
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Correct

Incorrect

Question 14 of 52

14. Question

Damage to which nerve is most commonly associated with pelvic floor dysfunction after operative vaginal delivery?

Femoral nerve
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Genitofemoral nerve
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Obturator nerve
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Pudendal nerve
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Sciatic nerve
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Correct

Incorrect

Question 15 of 52

15. Question

After a vaginal delivery, Kegel exercises may be advised. Which muscle is most involved in controlling voluntary contraction of the pelvic floor, such as during Kegel exercises?

Bulbospongiosus
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Coccygeus
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Iliococcygeus
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Obturator internus
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Pubococcygeus
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Correct

Incorrect

Question 16 of 52

16. Question

What structure do umbilical arteries regress to in the adult?

Medial umbilical ligaments
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Median umbilical ligament
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Lacunar ligament
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Ligamentum teres
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Linea alba
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Correct

Incorrect

Question 17 of 52

17. Question

What structure does the urachus regress to in the adult?

Medial umbilical ligaments
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Median umbilical ligament
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Lacunar ligament
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Ligamentum teres
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Linea alba
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Correct

Incorrect

Question 18 of 52

18. Question

During pregnancy the uterus increases in size to accommodate the growth of the baby. Which part of the uterus forms the lower uterine segment, which thins out during labour and is the most common site for caesarean section incisions?

Broad ligament
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Cervix
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Corpus
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Fundus
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Isthmus
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Correct

Incorrect

Question 19 of 52

19. Question

What structure does the umbilical vein regress to in the adult?

Medial umbilical ligaments
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Median umbilical ligament
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Lacunar ligament
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Ligamentum teres
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Linea alba
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Correct

Incorrect

Question 20 of 52

20. Question

The uterus enlarges during pregnancy reaching maximum size in the third trimester. At full-term pregnancy, which anatomical landmark does the uterus typically reach?

Costal margin
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Iliac crest
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Pubic symphysis
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Umbilicus
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Xiphoid process
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Correct

Incorrect

Question 21 of 52

21. Question

Where does the external oblique muscle arise from?

Latissimus dorsi
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Lower eight external intercostal muscles
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Lower eight ribs
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Lumbar fascia
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Serratus anterior
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Correct

Incorrect

Question 22 of 52

22. Question

Where does the internal oblique muscle arise from?

Latissimus dorsi
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Lower eight external intercostal muscles
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Lower eight ribs
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Lumbar fascia
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Serratus anterior
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Correct

Incorrect

Question 23 of 52

23. Question

Which abdominal wall structure interdigitates with muscle fibres of the diaphragm?

External oblique
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Internal oblique
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Linea alba
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Recti muscles
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Transversus abdominis
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Correct

Incorrect

Question 24 of 52

24. Question

Which of the following is the narrowest fixed distance in the bony pelvis, critical for fetal head passage during childbirth?

Anteroposterior diameter
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Diagonal conjugate
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Interspinous diameter
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Transverse diameter of the pelvic inlet
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

True conjugate
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Correct

Incorrect

Question 25 of 52

25. Question

What forms the lateral border of the pelvic inlet?

Coccyx
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Iliopectineal line
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Ischial tuberosity
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Pubic symphysis
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Sacral promontory
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Correct

Incorrect

Question 26 of 52

26. Question

What forms the lateral border of the pelvic outlet?

Coccyx
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Iliopectineal line
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Ischial tuberosity
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Pubic symphysis
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Sacral promontory
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Correct

Incorrect

Question 27 of 52

27. Question

Which is the widest diameter of the bony pelvis?

Pelvic inlet, transverse diameter
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Pelvic inlet, antero-posterior diameter
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Pelvic midcavity, transverse diameter
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Pelvic outlet, transverse diameter
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Pelvic outlet, antero-posterior diameter
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Correct

Incorrect

Question 28 of 52

28. Question

Which of the following presentations has the largest presenting fetal head diameter?

Brow
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Face
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Occipito-anterior
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Occipito-transverse
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Occipito-posterior
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Correct

Incorrect

Question 29 of 52

29. Question

Which pelvic structure does the superior hypogastric plexus primarily provide autonomic innervation to?

Bladder
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Ovaries
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Pelvic floor muscles
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Rectum
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Uterus
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Correct

Incorrect

Question 30 of 52

30. Question

Which structure does the obturator nerve pass through to enter the medial thigh?

Greater sciatic foramen
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Inguinal canal
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Lesser sciatic foramen
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Obturator canal
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Pelvic inlet
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Correct

Incorrect

Question 31 of 52

31. Question

Which of the following veins is responsible for draining the majority of blood from the uterus?

External iliac vein
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Inferior mesenteric vein
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Internal iliac vein
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Ovarian vein
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Superior mesenteric vein
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Correct

Incorrect

Question 32 of 52

32. Question

Which of the following vessels does the ovarian artery arises from?

Abdominal aorta
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Common iliac artery
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

External iliac artery
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Inferior mesenteric artery
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Internal iliac artery
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Correct

Incorrect

Question 33 of 52

33. Question

Which of the following arteries supplies the bladder?

Inferior mesenteric artery
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Ovarian artery
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Superior gluteal artery
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Superior vesical artery
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Uterine artery
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Correct

Incorrect

Question 34 of 52

34. Question

Which of the following spinal nerve roots are primarily targeted by epidural anaesthesia for labour pain relief?

L1–L2
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

L2–L4
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

L4–L5
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

S2–S4
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

T10–L1
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Correct

Incorrect

Question 35 of 52

35. Question

Which anatomical structure must be traversed by the needle before reaching the epidural space during an epidural block?

Anterior longitudinal ligament
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Dura mater
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Ligamentum flavum
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Posterior longitudinal ligament
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Spinal cord
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Correct

Incorrect

Question 36 of 52

36. Question

Which vertebral level is the ideal insertion point for an epidural anaesthesia during labour?

L1–L2
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

L2–L3
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

L3–L4
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

L4–L5
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

L5–S1
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Correct

Incorrect

Question 37 of 52

37. Question

The lymphatic drainage of the upper third of the vagina is directed to which of the following lymph nodes?

External iliac nodes
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Inguinal nodes
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Internal iliac nodes
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Para-aortic nodes
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Superficial inguinal nodes
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Correct

Incorrect

Question 38 of 52

38. Question

Which of the following lymph nodes receives the lymphatic drainage from the glans clitoris and labia minora?

Deep inguinal nodes
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

External iliac nodes
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Internal iliac nodes
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Para-aortic nodes
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Superficial inguinal nodes
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Correct

Incorrect

Question 39 of 52

39. Question

Which of the following lymph nodes receives lymph from the cervix?

External iliac nodes
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Inguinal nodes
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Para-aortic nodes
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Sacral nodes
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Superficial inguinal nodes
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Correct

Incorrect

Question 40 of 52

40. Question

Which of the following layers surrounds the primary oocyte within a primordial follicle?

Antrum
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Corona radiata
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Granulosa cells
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Theca externa
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Theca interna
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Correct

Incorrect

Question 41 of 52

41. Question

Which of the following describes the fluid-filled cavity that forms in a secondary follicle?

Antrum
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Corona radiata
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Granulosa cells
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Theca externa
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Zona pellucida
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Correct

Incorrect

Question 42 of 52

42. Question

Which structure is responsible for androgen production in the ovarian follicle?

Antrum
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Granulosa cells
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Theca externa
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Theca interna
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Zona pellucida
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Correct

Incorrect

Question 43 of 52

43. Question

Which of the following cells in the ovarian follicle secrete oestrogen?

Granulosa cells
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Oocyte
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Theca externa
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Theca interna
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Zona pellucida
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Correct

Incorrect

Question 44 of 52

44. Question

Which of the following muscles forms the majority of the bladder wall and is responsible for its contraction during micturition?

Detrusor muscle
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

External urethral sphincter
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Internal urethral sphincter
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Levator ani
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Pubococcygeus muscle
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Correct

Incorrect

Question 45 of 52

45. Question

Which of the following plexuses provides sympathetic innervation to the urinary bladder?

Inferior hypogastric plexus
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Pelvic splanchnic nerves
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Sacral plexus
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Superior hypogastric plexus
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Ureteric plexus
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Correct

Incorrect

Question 46 of 52

46. Question

Which of the following lymph nodes receives lymphatic drainage from the bladder?

External iliac nodes
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Inguinal nodes
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Internal iliac nodes
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Para-aortic nodes
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Sacral nodes
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Correct

Incorrect

Question 47 of 52

47. Question

The trigone of the bladder is formed by the two ureteric orifices and which of the following structures?

External urethral sphincter
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Internal urethral orifice
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Urachus
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Ureteric ducts
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Vesicouterine pouch
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Correct

Incorrect

Question 48 of 52

48. Question

Which part of the fallopian tube is the site of fertilization?

Ampulla
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Fimbriae
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Infundibulum
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Interstitial part
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Isthmus
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Correct

Incorrect

Question 49 of 52

49. Question

Which type of cells is the epithelial lining of the fallopian tubes primarily composed of?

Ciliated columnar epithelium
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Cuboidal epithelium
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Simple squamous epithelium
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Stratified squamous epithelium
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Transitional epithelium
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Correct

Incorrect

Question 50 of 52

50. Question

Measurement of the middle cerebral artery is undertaken during fetal ultrasound and localised by visualising the Circle of Willis. Which of the following arteries directly contributes to the formation of the Circle of Willis?

Anterior communicating artery
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Basilar artery
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

External carotid artery
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Posterior inferior cerebellar artery
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Vertebral artery
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Correct

Incorrect

Question 51 of 52

51. Question

Which of the following structures forms the anterior boundary of the ovarian fossa?

External iliac artery
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Inferior epigastric artery
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Obturator nerve
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Ureter
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Uterine artery
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Correct

Incorrect

Question 52 of 52

52. Question

Which of the following structures lies posterior to the ovarian fossa and can be at risk during ovarian surgery?

External iliac vein
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Inferior epigastric artery
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Obturator nerve
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Ureter
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Uterine artery
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Correct

Incorrect