MRCOG Part 1 – Biochemistry

Question 1 of 50

Which of the following statements about fetal haemoglobin (HbF) is correct?

HbF has a lower affinity for oxygen than adult haemoglobin (HbA)

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

HbF causes a rightward shift of the oxygen dissociation curve

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

HbF binds 2,3-DPG more strongly than HbA

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

HbF facilitates oxygen transfer from maternal to fetal circulation

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

HbF is produced throughout life

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Question 2 of 50

In which of the following conditions would you expect a leftward shift in the oxygen dissociation curve?

Acidosis

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Carbon monoxide poisoning

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Increased 2,3-DPG

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Increased CO₂

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Hyperthermia

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Question 3 of 50

Which of the following factors causes a rightward shift in the oxygen dissociation curve?

Decreased CO₂

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Decreased 2,3-DPG

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Increased pH

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Increased temperature

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Presence of fetal haemoglobin

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Question 4 of 50

What percentage of serum calcium is in the free ionized state?

10%

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

20%

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

30%

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

40%

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

50%

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Question 5 of 50

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of the phospholipid bilayer in cell membranes?

Absence of proteins

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

High permeability to ions

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Hydrophilic interior

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Rigid and immobile structure

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Selective permeability

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Question 6 of 50

What is the function of messenger RNA (mRNA)?

Carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Facilitates the binding of amino acids during protein synthesis

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Initiates the formation of the peptide bond

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Synthesizes DNA from RNA

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Transfers amino acids to the ribosome

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Question 7 of 50

In muscle contraction, what is the role of troponin and tropomyosin?

Act as neurotransmitters

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Control the release of calcium ions

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Facilitate ion transport

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Regulate the binding of myosin to actin

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Synthesize ATP

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Question 8 of 50

What is the main role of RNA polymerase in transcription?

Formation of DNA from RNA

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Production of ribosomes

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Repair of damaged DNA

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Replication of DNA

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Synthesis of RNA from DNA

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Question 9 of 50

What is the primary role of insulin in glucose metabolism?

Breakdown of glycogen

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Inhibition of glycolysis

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Promotion of glucose uptake by cells

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Regulation of lipid metabolism

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Stimulation of gluconeogenesis

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Question 10 of 50

Where does the citric acid cycle take place in eukaryotic cells?

Cytosol

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Golgi apparatus

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Mitochondrial matrix

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Nucleus

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Question 11 of 50

Which of the following generates the precursor for synthesis of the amino acid aspartate?

Beta oxidation

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Citric acid cycle

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Gluconeogenesis

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Glycolysis

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Oxidative deamination

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Question 12 of 50

In glycolysis, how many molecules of pyruvate are generated by one molecule of glucose?

1

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

2

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

4

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

8

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

12

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Question 13 of 50

In glycolysis, how many molecules of ATP are generated by one molecule of glucose?

1

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

2

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

4

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

8

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

12

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Question 14 of 50

Which of the following is an exclusively ketogenic amino acid?

Isoleucine

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Lysine

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Threonine

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Tryptophan

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Tyrosine

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Question 15 of 50

Which of the following is not a gluconeogenic precursor?

Alanine

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Glycerol

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Glutamine

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Lactate

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Leucine

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Question 16 of 50

Which of the following biochemical processes uses fatty acid chains as a substrate?

Beta oxidation

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Gluconeogenesis

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Glycolysis

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Krebs cycle

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Oxidative deamination

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Question 17 of 50

Which of the following biochemical processes generates α-ketoglutarate?

Beta oxidation

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Gluconeogenesis

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Glycolysis

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Krebs cycle

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Oxidative deamination

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Question 18 of 50

What are the target blood glucose ranges for pregnant women with pre-existing diabetes?

Fasting: less than 5.0 mmol/L, 1 hour after meals 7.8 mmol/L

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Fasting: less than 5.3 mmol/L, 1 hour after meals 7.8 mmol/L

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Fasting: less than 5.6 mmol/L, 1 hour after meals 7.8 mmol/L

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Fasting: less than 5.0 mmol/L, 2 hour after meals 6.4 mmol/L

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Fasting: less than 5.3 mmol/L, 2 hour after meals 7.8 mmol/L

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Question 19 of 50

What are the target blood glucose ranges for pregnant women with gestational diabetes?

Fasting: less than 5.0 mmol/L, 1 hour after meals 7.8 mmol/L

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Fasting: less than 5.3 mmol/L, 1 hour after meals 7.8 mmol/L

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Fasting: less than 5.6 mmol/L, 1 hour after meals 7.8 mmol/L

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Fasting: less than 5.0 mmol/L, 2 hour after meals 6.4 mmol/L

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Fasting: less than 5.3 mmol/L, 2 hour after meals 7.8 mmol/L

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Question 20 of 50

A woman with Type 1 diabetes mellitus attends for preconception counselling. What is the target level of HbA1C for women with diabetes who are planning a pregnancy?

4%

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

6.5%

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

8%

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

10%

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

12.5%

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Question 21 of 50

A woman with Type 1 diabetes mellitus attends for preconception counselling. At what level of HbA1C should pregnancy be advised against due to the association with significant higher pregnancy risks?

4%

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

6.5%

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

8%

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

10%

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

12.5%

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Question 22 of 50

You are reviewing the following biochemistry results in pre-operative clinic:

Serum calcium	Phosphate	Vitamin D Level	PTH
Low	High	Low	High

What is the likely diagnosis?

Hypoparathyroidism

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Primary hyperparathyroidism

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Pseudohypoparathyroidism

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Secondary hyperparathyroidism

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Tertiary hyperparathyroidism

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Question 23 of 50

You are reviewing the following biochemistry results in pre-operative clinic:

Serum calcium	Phosphate	Vitamin D Level	PTH
Low	High	Low	Low

What is the likely diagnosis?

Hypoparathyroidism

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Primary hyperparathyroidism

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Pseudohypoparathyroidism

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Secondary hyperparathyroidism

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Tertiary hyperparathyroidism

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Question 24 of 50

You are reviewing the following biochemistry results in pre-operative clinic:

Serum calcium	Phosphate	Vitamin D Level	PTH
High	High	Low	High

What is the likely diagnosis?

Hypoparathyroidism

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Primary hyperparathyroidism

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Pseudohypoparathyroidism

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Secondary hyperparathyroidism

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Tertiary hyperparathyroidism

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Question 25 of 50

You are reviewing the following biochemistry results in pre-operative clinic:

Serum calcium	Phosphate	Vitamin D Level	PTH
Low	High	Low	High

What is the likely diagnosis?

Hypoparathyroidism

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Primary hyperparathyroidism

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Pseudohypoparathyroidism

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Secondary hyperparathyroidism

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Tertiary hyperparathyroidism

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Question 26 of 50

You are reviewing the following biochemistry results in pre-operative clinic:

Serum calcium	Phosphate	Vitamin D Level	PTH
High	Low	High	High

What is the likely diagnosis?

Hypoparathyroidism

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Primary hyperparathyroidism

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Pseudohypoparathyroidism

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Secondary hyperparathyroidism

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Tertiary hyperparathyroidism

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Question 27 of 50

Which of the following is a characteristic of non-competitive inhibition in enzyme kinetics?

Activation of the enzyme

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Allosteric regulation

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Decreased Vmax

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Irreversible binding of the inhibitor

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

No effect on Km

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Question 28 of 50

In the context of enzyme kinetics, what does the term “Vmax” represent?

Enzyme concentration

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Inhibition constant

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Maximum velocity of the reaction

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Specificity of the enzyme

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Substrate concentration at half-maximal velocity

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Question 29 of 50

In the context of enzyme kinetics, what does Km represent?

Enzyme concentration

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Inhibition constant

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Maximum velocity of the reaction

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Specificity of the enzyme

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Substrate concentration at half-maximal velocity

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Question 30 of 50

Which of the following is a characteristic of competitive inhibition in enzyme kinetics?

Activation of the enzyme

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Allosteric regulation

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Decreased Vmax

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Irreversible binding of the inhibitor

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

No effect on Km

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Question 31 of 50

Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding DNA during replication?

DNA ligase

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Helicase

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Polymerase

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Primase

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Topoisomerase

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Question 32 of 50

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of facilitated diffusion?

Involvement of ion pumps

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Movement of substances against their concentration gradient

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Passage through phospholipid membrane

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Requirement of energy input

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Utilization of carrier proteins

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Question 33 of 50

Which of the following is a component of the extracellular matrix in connective tissues?

Actin

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Collagen

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Haemoglobin

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Keratin

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Myosin

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Question 34 of 50

In a nerve action potential, depolarization is primarily due to the influx of which ion?

Calcium

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Chloride

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Magnesium

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Potassium

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Sodium

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Question 35 of 50

What is the primary function of the sodium-potassium pump in cell membranes?

Active transport of ions

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Facilitate osmosis

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Maintain intracellular pH

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Regulate the MAPK pathway

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Synthesize ATP

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Question 36 of 50

What is the function of Von Willebrand factor?

Activates Factor XII

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Activates plasminogen

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Co-factor of factor IX

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Inactivates urokinase

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Mediates platelet adhesion

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Question 37 of 50

Which of the following is a co-factor of factor VIIa in the extrinsic coagulation pathway?

Antithrombin

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Fibrinogen

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Kallikrein

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Prothrombin

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Tissue factor

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Question 38 of 50

Which of the following procedures is associated with a risk of intra-operative hyponatraemia?

Diagnostic hysteroscopy

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Endometrial ablation

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Laparoscopic myomectomy

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Laparoscopic resection of endometriosis

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Transcervical resection of fibroid

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Question 39 of 50

Which of the following inactivates clotting factors Va and VIIIa?

Antithrombin

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Fibrinogen

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Kallikrein

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Protein C

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Prothrombin

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Question 40 of 50

Which of the following nucleotides is not present in RNA?

Adenine

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Cytosine

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Guanine

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Thymine

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Uracil

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Question 41 of 50

Which of the following organelles is involved in protein synthesis?

Golgi complex

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Lysosome

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Mitochondria

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Question 42 of 50

Which of the following organelles is involved in steroid hormone synthesis?

Golgi complex

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Lysosome

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Mitochondria

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Question 43 of 50

Which of the following organelles generates adenosine triphosphate?

Golgi complex

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Lysosome

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Mitochondria

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Question 44 of 50

Which of the following organelles is involved in phagocytosis?

Golgi complex

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Lysosome

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Mitochondria

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Question 45 of 50

Which of the following organelles is involved in antibody release by activated plasma B cells?

Golgi complex

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Lysosome

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Mitochondria

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Question 46 of 50

Which of the following biochemical techniques is used to detect the presence or absence of specific DNA sequences on chromosomes?

Fluorescence in situ hybridisation

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Northern blotting

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Polymerase chain reaction

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Southern blotting

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Western blotting

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Question 47 of 50

Which of the following biochemical techniques is used in non-invasive prenatal testing for Trisomy 21?

Fluorescence in situ hybridisation

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Northern blotting

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Polymerase chain reaction

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Southern blotting

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Western blotting

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Question 48 of 50

Which of the following biochemical techniques is used to detect specific proteins in a sample?

Fluorescence in situ hybridisation

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Northern blotting

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Polymerase chain reaction

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Southern blotting

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Western blotting

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Question 49 of 50

Which of the following biochemical techniques is used to detect and quantify a specific DNA sequence in a sample?

Fluorescence in situ hybridisation

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Northern blotting

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Polymerase chain reaction

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Southern blotting

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Western blotting

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Question 50 of 50

Which of the following biochemical techniques is used to study gene expression by detection of RNA in a sample?

Fluorescence in situ hybridisation

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Northern blotting

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Polymerase chain reaction

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Southern blotting

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Western blotting

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

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MRCOG Part 1 – Biochemistry

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