MRCOG Part 1 – Epidemiology and Statistics

Question 1 of 43

A study measures the birth weight (in grams) of newborns in a hospital. The standard deviation of the sample is 200 grams, and the sample size is 100. What is the Standard Error of the Mean (SEM)?

1

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2

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10

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20

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100

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Question 2 of 43

In a clinical study evaluating blood pressure levels, the mean systolic blood pressure of 400 participants is reported with a standard deviation of 40 mmHg. What is the standard error of the mean (SEM)?

1

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2

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10

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20

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100

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Question 3 of 43

A sample of 25 patients shows a mean haemoglobin level with a standard deviation of 2 g/dL. What is the standard error of the mean?

0.1

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0.2

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0.4

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

1

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

2

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Question 4 of 43

In a study of pregnancy duration, a sample of 64 women was analysed with a reported standard deviation of 16 days. What is the standard error of the mean (SEM)?

1

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2

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4

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8

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16

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Question 5 of 43

A study finds that the mean birth weight of newborns in a sample is 3000 grams with a standard error of the mean (SEM) of 50 grams. What is the 95% Confidence Interval (CI) for the mean birth weight?

2900 – 3100 grams

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

2950 – 3050 grams

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2980 – 3020 grams

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2990 – 3010 grams

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3000 – 3100 grams

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Question 6 of 43

In a clinical study of 64 patients, the mean haemoglobin level is found to be 12 g/dL with a standard deviation of 4 g/dL. What is the 95% confidence interval of the mean haemoglobin level?

11 – 13 g/dL

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

11.5 – 12.5 g/dL

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12 – 14 g/dL

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12 ± 1.96 g/dL

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12 ± 4 g/dL

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Question 7 of 43

A study is conducted to compare the mean systolic blood pressure between two independent groups of women—one group with pre-eclampsia and another without pre-eclampsia. Which parametric statistical test is most appropriate?

Chi-square test

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Mann-Whitney U test

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Paired t-test

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Student's t-test

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Wilcoxon signed-rank test

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Question 8 of 43

You are conducting a study and want to compare the mean haemoglobin levels before and after treatment in the same group of anaemic pregnant women. Which parametric test should be used?

ANOVA

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Chi-square test

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Paired t-test

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Student's t-test

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Wilcoxon signed-rank test

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Question 9 of 43

A research study is comparing the means of three different types of antenatal care interventions on birth weight. Which parametric statistical test should be used?

ANOVA

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Chi-square test

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Kruskal-Wallis test

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Paired t-test

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Student's t-test

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Question 10 of 43

A study is analysing the relationship between two continuous variables: maternal age and birth weight, assuming a linear relationship. Which parametric test is appropriate?

Chi-square test

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Correlation (Pearson)

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Mann-Whitney U test

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Paired t-test

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Regression analysis

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Question 11 of 43

A clinical trial is conducted with two groups, one receiving a new drug and the other a placebo, to determine if there is a significant difference in the mean reduction of systolic blood pressure. Data is normally distributed. What parametric test should be used?

ANOVA

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Chi-square test

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Paired t-test

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Student's t-test

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Wilcoxon signed-rank test

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Question 12 of 43

A researcher wants to compare the median systolic blood pressure between two independent groups of pregnant women—one group with gestational diabetes and another without. The data is not normally distributed. Which non-parametric statistical test is most appropriate?

Chi-square test

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Kruskal-Wallis test

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Mann-Whitney U test

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Paired t-test

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Wilcoxon signed-rank test

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Question 13 of 43

A study aims to determine whether there is a difference in the median birth weight among three groups of different self-reported ethnicity at booking. The data is not normally distributed. Which non-parametric test should be used?

ANOVA

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Chi-square test

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Kruskal-Wallis test

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Mann-Whitney U test

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Wilcoxon signed-rank test

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Question 14 of 43

A study aims to compare pre-treatment and post-treatment pain scores in the same group of women using a non-parametric test. The data is not normally distributed. Which test should be chosen?

Chi-square test

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Kruskal-Wallis test

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Mann-Whitney U test

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Paired t-test

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Wilcoxon signed-rank test

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Question 15 of 43

A study evaluates whether there is a relationship between the ranks of maternal BMI and neonatal birth weight among 40 women, where the data is not normally distributed. Which non-parametric test is appropriate?

Chi-square test

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Kruskal-Wallis test

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Mann-Whitney U test

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Pearson correlation

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Spearman's rank correlation

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Question 16 of 43

A research study aims to determine if smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of preterm birth. The study plans to follow a group of pregnant women, half of whom smoke, and compare preterm birth rates at the end of pregnancy. Which study design is most appropriate?

Case-control study

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Case series

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Cohort study

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Cross-sectional study

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Randomized controlled trial

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Question 17 of 43

A study aims to investigate the relationship between diet and the prevalence of gestational diabetes by assessing dietary habits and gestational diabetes status in a group of pregnant women at a single point in time. What is the most appropriate study design?

Case-control study

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Cohort study

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Cross-sectional study

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Randomized controlled trial

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Systematic review

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Question 18 of 43

A research study wants to evaluate the impact of a new antenatal care program on maternal anxiety by randomly assigning pregnant women to either receive the new program or standard care. Which study design is being employed?

Case-control study

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Cohort study

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Cross-sectional study

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Randomized controlled trial

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Retrospective study

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Question 19 of 43

A researcher is interested in studying a rare complication of pregnancy and wants to compare women with the complication to those without to identify potential risk factors. Which study design is most suitable?

Case-control study

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Case series

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Cohort study

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Cross-sectional study

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Randomized controlled trial

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Question 20 of 43

A review is conducted to summarize and analyse multiple studies that have investigated the impact of folic acid supplementation on the incidence of neural tube defects in newborns. Which study design is being used?

Case-control study

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Cohort study

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Cross-sectional study

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Meta-analysis

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Randomized controlled trial

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Question 21 of 43

A new diagnostic test for pre-eclampsia has a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 90%. What is the positive likelihood ratio (LR+)?

0.1

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

0.8

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

1.0

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

8.0

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9.0

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Question 22 of 43

A diagnostic test for gestational diabetes has a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 85%. What is the negative likelihood ratio (LR-)?

0.18

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

0.29

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

0.88

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

1.76

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

2.0

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Question 23 of 43

A new screening test for gestational diabetes is being evaluated. The test has a sensitivity of 85% and a specificity of 80%. What does a sensitivity of 85% mean?

85% of patients without gestational diabetes are correctly identified

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

85% of patients with gestational diabetes are correctly identified

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85% of test results are positive

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The test has a false positive rate of 15%

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

The test has a true positive rate of 15%

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Question 24 of 43

A screening test for pre-eclampsia has a specificity of 90%. What does this mean?

10% of patients with pre-eclampsia are correctly identified

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10% of patients without pre-eclampsia are incorrectly identified as having the disease

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90% of all patients with pre-eclampsia are identified by the test

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90% of patients without pre-eclampsia are correctly identified as disease-free

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The test has a true negative rate of 10%

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Question 25 of 43

Which of the following is the first step in the audit cycle?

Collecting data

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Implementing change

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Measuring current practice

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Setting standards

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Writing the audit report

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Question 26 of 43

What is the purpose of re-auditing in the audit cycle?

Collecting new data

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Comparing practice with standards

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Identifying the standard to achieve

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Reassessing if changes have led to improvement

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Writing an audit report

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Question 27 of 43

Which of the following is a key reason for setting standards in the audit cycle?

To collect baseline data

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To ensure consistency in data collection

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To provide a benchmark for comparison

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To prepare a report

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To reassess improvements

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Question 28 of 43

A new screening test for gestational diabetes has been evaluated in a population of 1000 women. The test correctly identifies 120 of 150 women with gestational diabetes (true positives) and incorrectly labels 50 women without the disease as having gestational diabetes (false positives). What is the positive predictive value (PPV) of this test?

65%

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

70%

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

75%

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80%

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

85%

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Question 29 of 43

A diagnostic test for pre-eclampsia was performed in a cohort of 500 women. It correctly identified 80 of 100 women with pre-eclampsia (true positives) and correctly identified 350 of 400 women without pre-eclampsia (true negatives). What is the Negative Predictive Value (NPV) of the test?

77%

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

85%

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

87%

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

90%

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

95%

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Question 30 of 43

Which of the following best describes the purpose of a Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve?

To calculate the prevalence of a disease in a population

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

To compare the predictive values of two screening tests

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

To determine the optimal cut-off point for a diagnostic test

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

To identify the specificity of a test at a fixed sensitivity

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To predict the incidence of a condition in the future

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Question 31 of 43

On an ROC curve, what does the area under the curve (AUC) represent?

The false positive rate

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

The fraction of correctly classified patients

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The incidence of the disease in a population

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The number of true negatives

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The prevalence of the condition

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Question 32 of 43

If the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve of a diagnostic test is close to the diagonal line, what does it indicate about the test’s performance?

Excellent discrimination ability

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High false positive rate

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No better than random chance

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Perfect sensitivity and specificity

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Zero false negative rate

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Question 33 of 43

A test has an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.85 on a Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. How would you interpret the performance of this test?

Fair

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Good

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Poor

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Random

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Very poor

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Question 34 of 43

In a population-based study, how is the prevalence of a specific condition is calculated?

Number of cases per 1,000 population at a specific point in time

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Number of cases per 1,000 population at risk

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Number of deaths due to the condition

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Number of existing cases in the population at a specific point in time

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Number of new cases in a specified time period

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Question 35 of 43

In a clinical trial, the p-value is 0.03. What does this indicate about the results?

The null hypothesis is rejected

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

The results are not statistically significant

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The results are statistically significant

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The sample size is too small

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The study has high power

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Question 36 of 43

Which type of study design is the odds ratio commonly used in?

Case-control study

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Cohort study

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Cross-sectional study

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Non-randomized controlled trial

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Randomized controlled trial

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Question 37 of 43

How is the sensitivity of a diagnostic test is calculated?

True positives / (True positives + False negatives)

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True positives / (True positives + False positives)

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True negatives / (True negatives + False positives)

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True negatives / (True negatives + False negatives)

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False positives / (True positives + False positives)

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Question 38 of 43

How is the specificity of a diagnostic test is calculated?

True positives / (True positives + False negatives)

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

True positives / (True positives + False positives)

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True negatives / (True negatives + False positives)

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True negatives / (True negatives + False negatives)

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False positives / (True positives + False positives)

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Question 39 of 43

In a normal distribution, approximately what percentage of data falls within one standard deviation of the mean?

34%

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

50%

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

68%

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

95%

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

99.7%

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Question 40 of 43

When does a type II error occur?

The null hypothesis is incorrectly accepted

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

The null hypothesis is incorrectly rejected

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

The power of the study is too high

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The p-value is too small

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The sample size is too small

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Question 41 of 43

Which of the following measures of dispersion is influenced by extreme values in a dataset?

Interquartile range

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Mean absolute deviation

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Range

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Standard deviation

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Variance

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Question 42 of 43

In a study of 200 patients, a new test for diagnosing pre-eclampsia correctly identifies 80 of 100 patients with the disease (true positives) and correctly identifies 90 of 100 patients without the disease (true negatives). What is the sensitivity of the test?

40%

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

60%

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

70%

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

80%

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90%

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Question 43 of 43

A screening test for gestational diabetes is performed on 500 pregnant women. The test correctly identifies 150 women with gestational diabetes (true positives) and correctly excludes 300 women without the condition (true negatives). What is the specificity of the test?

50%

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

60%

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

75%

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

80%

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

85%

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Average score
Your score

MRCOG Part 1 – Epidemiology and Statistics

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